Results for 'Robert D. Miles'

973 found
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  1.  26
    Engineering Professionalism and Ethics. [REVIEW]Robert D. Miles - 1983 - Business and Professional Ethics Journal 3 (1):87-90.
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  2.  72
    Associative learning without reason or belief.James D. Miles, Robert W. Proctor & E. J. Capaldi - 2009 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 32 (2):217-218.
    We discuss the necessity of conscious thinking in the single-system propositional model of learning. Research from honeybees to humans suggests that associative learning can take place without the need for controlled reasoning or the development of beliefs of relationships between objects or events. We conclude that a single learning system is possible, but not if it depends on complex thinking.
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  3.  67
    Is Ethics a Liability in Turbulent Cometitive Environments? [REVIEW]Noreen Dornenburg, Richard D'Aveni, Robert Gunther, Raymond F. Miles & Charles C. Snow - 1996 - Business Ethics Quarterly 6 (2):233-239.
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  4.  15
    How Do Interaction Experiences Influence Doctoral Students’ Academic Pursuits in Biomedical Research?Robert H. Tai, Heather D. Wathington, Dorothy A. Andriole, Donna B. Jeffe, Devasmita Chakraverty & Xiaoqing Kong - 2013 - Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society 33 (3-4):76-84.
    This exploratory qualitative study investigated how doctoral students reported their personal and professional interaction experiences that they believed might facilitate or impede their academic pursuits in biomedical research. We collected 19 in-depth interviews with doctoral students in biomedical research from eight universities, and we based our qualitative analytic approach on the work of Miles and Huberman. The results indicated that among different sources and types of interaction, academic and emotional interactions from family and teachers in various stages essentially affected (...)
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  5.  41
    American Chemists and Chemical Engineers. Volume 2. Wyndham D. Miles, Robert F. Gould.Aaron Ihde - 1995 - Isis 86 (4):670-671.
  6. Challenges to the hypothesis of extended cognition.Robert D. Rupert - 2004 - Journal of Philosophy 101 (8):389-428.
    This paper -distinguishes between the Hypothesis of Extended Cognition and the Hypothesis of Embedded Cognition, characterizing them as competitors (both motivated by situated, interactive cognitive processing, with the latter being the more conservative of the two interpretations of the data) -clarifies the relation between content externalism and extended cognition -introduces the problem of cognitive bloat, as part of a critical discussion of Clark and Chalmers's "past-endorsement criterion" (if the criterion is embraced, we privilege the internal, endorsing process -- which looks (...)
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  7. The Toughest Triage — Allocating Ventilators in a Pandemic.Robert D. Truog, Christine Mitchell & George Q. Daley - 2020 - New England Journal of Medicine.
    The Covid-19 pandemic has led to severe shortages of many essential goods and services, from hand sanitizers and N-95 masks to ICU beds and ventilators. Although rationing is not unprecedented, never before has the American public been faced with the prospect of having to ration medical goods and services on this scale.
     
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  8. Cognitive Systems and the Extended Mind.Robert D. Rupert - 2009 - New York, US: Oup Usa.
    Robert Rupert argues against the view that human cognitive processes comprise elements beyond the boundary of the organism, developing a systems-based conception in place of this extended view. He also argues for a conciliatory understanding of the relation between the computational approach to cognition and the embedded and embodied views.
  9.  29
    Is there a cell-biological alphabet for simple forms of learning?Robert D. Hawkins & Eric R. Kandel - 1984 - Psychological Review 91 (3):375-391.
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  10.  30
    Of Slide Rules and Stethoscopes: AI and the Future of Doctoring.Robert D. Truog - 2019 - Hastings Center Report 49 (5):3-3.
    Historically, the practice of medicine has been a physically intimate endeavor. Physicians have used their hands to palpate and reveal the secrets hidden within the body. Smelling the breath for the ketosis of diabetes or tasting the skin for the saltiness of cystic fibrosis were among the physician's essential practices. Today, perhaps the most defining characteristic of a brilliant clinician is the ability to synthesize many images—from electrocardiograms, ultrasounds, CT scans, and so forth—into a coherent picture that can guide our (...)
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  11. Functionalism, mental causation, and the problem of metaphysically necessary effects.Robert D. Rupert - 2006 - Noûs 40 (2):256-83.
    The recent literature on mental causation has not been kind to nonreductive, materialist functionalism (‘functionalism’, hereafter, except where that term is otherwise qualified). The exclusion problem2 has done much of the damage, but the epiphenomenalist threat has taken other forms. Functionalism also faces what I will call the ‘problem of metaphysically necessary effects’ (Block, 1990, pp. 157-60, Antony and Levine, 1997, pp. 91-92, Pereboom, 2002, p. 515, Millikan, 1999, p. 47, Jackson, 1998, pp. 660-61). Functionalist mental properties are individuated partly (...)
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  12.  44
    From partners to populations: A hierarchical Bayesian account of coordination and convention.Robert D. Hawkins, Michael Franke, Michael C. Frank, Adele E. Goldberg, Kenny Smith, Thomas L. Griffiths & Noah D. Goodman - 2023 - Psychological Review 130 (4):977-1016.
  13.  23
    Ventilator Allocation Protocols: Sophisticated Bioethics for an Unworkable Strategy.Robert D. Truog - 2021 - Hastings Center Report 51 (5):56-57.
    Hastings Center Report, Volume 51, Issue 5, Page 56-57, September‐October 2021.
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  14. Representation and mental representation.Robert D. Rupert - 2018 - Philosophical Explorations 21 (2):204-225.
    This paper engages critically with anti-representationalist arguments pressed by prominent enactivists and their allies. The arguments in question are meant to show that the “as-such” and “job-description” problems constitute insurmountable challenges to causal-informational theories of mental content. In response to these challenges, a positive account of what makes a physical or computational structure a mental representation is proposed; the positive account is inspired partly by Dretske’s views about content and partly by the role of mental representations in contemporary cognitive scientific (...)
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  15.  21
    Lessons from the Case of Jahi McMath.Robert D. Truog - 2018 - Hastings Center Report 48 (S4):70-73.
    Jahi McMath's case has raised challenging uncertainties about one of the most profound existential questions that we can ask: how do we know whether someone is alive or dead? The case is striking in at least two ways. First, how can it be that a person diagnosed as dead by qualified physicians continued to live, at least in a biological sense, more than four years after a death certificate was issued? Second, the diagnosis of brain death has been considered irreversible; (...)
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  16.  45
    Is ‘best interests’ the right standard in cases like that of Charlie Gard?Robert D. Truog - 2020 - Journal of Medical Ethics 46 (1):16-17.
    Savulescu and colleagues have provided interesting insights into how the UK public view the ‘best interests’ of children like Charlie Gard. But is best interests the right standard for evaluating these types of cases? In the USA, both clinical decisions and legal judgments tend to follow the ‘harm principle’, which holds that parental choices for their children should prevail unless their decisions subject the child to avoidable harm. The case of Charlie Gard, and others like it, show how the USA (...)
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  17. Representation in extended cognitive systems : does the scaffolding of language extend the mind?Robert D. Rupert - 2010 - In Richard Menary (ed.), The Extended Mind. Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press.
  18. Coining Terms In The Language of Thought.Robert D. Rupert - 2001 - Journal of Philosophy 98 (10):499-530.
    Robert Cummins argues that any causal theory of mental content (CT) founders on an established fact of human psychology: that theory mediates sensory detection. He concludes,.
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  19. What Is a Cognitive System? In Defense of the Conditional Probability of Co-contribution Account.Robert D. Rupert - 2019 - Cognitive Semantics 5 (2):175-200.
    A theory of cognitive systems individuation is presented and defended. The approach has some affinity with Leonard Talmy's Overlapping Systems Model of Cognitive Organization, and the paper's first section explores aspects of Talmy's view that are shared by the view developed herein. According to the view on offer -- the conditional probability of co-contribution account (CPC) -- a cognitive system is a collection of mechanisms that contribute, in overlapping subsets, to a wide variety of forms of intelligent behavior. Central to (...)
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  20. The Emergence of Liberal Catholicism in America.Robert D. Cross - 1958
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  21.  20
    The Gentiles in the Zion Hymns: Canaanite Myth and Christian Mission.Robert D. Miller - 2009 - Transformation: An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies 26 (4):232-246.
    The Psalms are an underused resource as a biblical basis for mission, especially since the Gentiles are treated more positively in the Psalms than in most of the rest of the Old Testament. In the Psalms, the inclusion of the Gentiles in the community of God focuses on their coming to Zion. This article explores what that means in the context of Israelite religion and the Canaanite images it borrowed. Hermeneutical conclusions are drawn from this and the history of interpretation (...)
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  22. On the relationship between naturalistic semantics and individuation criteria for terms in a language of thought.Robert D. Rupert - 1998 - Synthese 117 (1):95-131.
    Naturalistically minded philosophers hope to identify a privileged nonsemantic relation that holds between a mental representation m and that which m represents, a relation whose privileged status underwrites the assignment of reference to m. The naturalist can accomplish this task only if she has in hand a nonsemantic criterion for individuating mental representations: it would be question-begging for the naturalist to characterize m, for the purpose of assigning content, as 'the representation with such and such content'. If we individuate mental (...)
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  23. The best test theory of extension: First principle(s).Robert D. Rupert - 1999 - Mind and Language 14 (3):321–355.
    This paper presents the leading idea of my doctoral dissertation and thus has been shaped by the reactions of all the members of my thesis committee: Charles Chastain, Walter Edelberg, W. Kent Wilson, Dorothy Grover, and Charles Marks. I am especially grateful for the help of Professors Chastain, Edelberg, and Wilson; each worked closely with me at one stage or another in the development of the ideas contained in the present work. Shorter versions of this paper were presented at the (...)
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  24.  64
    Microethics: The Ethics of Everyday Clinical Practice.Robert D. Truog, Stephen D. Brown, David Browning, Edward M. Hundert, Elizabeth A. Rider, Sigall K. Bell & Elaine C. Meyer - 2015 - Hastings Center Report 45 (1):11-17.
    Over the past several decades, medical ethics has gained a solid foothold in medical education and is now a required course in most medical schools. Although the field of medical ethics is by nature eclectic, moral philosophy has played a dominant role in defining both the content of what is taught and the methodology for reasoning about ethical dilemmas. Most educators largely rely on the case‐based method for teaching ethics, grounding the ethical reasoning in an amalgam of theories drawn from (...)
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  25. Mixed-grain Property Collaboration: Reconstructing Multiple Realization after the Elimination of Levels.Robert D. Rupert - manuscript
    This paper was written for and presented at a symposium on Multiple Realizability at the Central Division of the APA in 2022. It's in somewhat rough shape, especially the later parts. I hope to be in a position soon to post a revised and more carefully worked out version. The basic argument of the first half is this: Realization of the interesting sort (and thus MR of the interesting sort) requires tidy separation of levels (with realizers being at a lower (...)
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  26. Cognitive Systems, Predictive Processing, and the Self.Robert D. Rupert - 2021 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 13 (4):947-972.
    This essay presents the conditional probability of co-contribution account of the individuation of cognitive systems (CPC) and argues that CPC provides an attractive basis for a theory of the cognitive self. The argument proceeds in a largely indirect way, by emphasizing empirical challenges faced by an approach that relies entirely on predictive processing (PP) mechanisms to ground a theory of the cognitive self. Given the challenges faced by PP-based approaches, we should prefer a theory of the cognitive self of the (...)
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  27. Mental Representations and Millikan’s Theory of Intentional Content: Does Biology Chase Causality?Robert D. Rupert - 1999 - Southern Journal of Philosophy 37 (1):113-140.
    In her landmark book, Language, Thought, and Other Biological Categories (Millikan1984),1 Ruth Garrett Millikan utilizes the idea of a biological function to solve philosophical problems associated with the phenomena of language, thought, and meaning. Language and thought are activities of biological organisms, according to Millikan, and we should treat them as such when trying to answer related philosophical questions. Of special interest is Millikan’s treatment of intentionality. Here Millikan employs the notion of a biological function to explain what it is (...)
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  28.  46
    World, Affectivity, Trauma: Heidegger and Post-Cartesian Psychoanalysis.Robert D. Stolorow - 2011 - Routledge.
    Stolorow and his collaborators' post-Cartesian psychoanalytic perspective – intersubjective-systems theory – is a phenomenological contextualism that illuminates worlds of emotional experience as they take form within relational contexts. After outlining the evolution and basic ideas of this framework, Stolorow shows both how post-Cartesian psychoanalysis finds enrichment and philosophical support in Heidegger's analysis of human existence, and how Heidegger's existential philosophy, in turn, can be enriched and expanded by an encounter with post-Cartesian psychoanalysis. In doing so, he creates an important psychological (...)
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  29. Costs of a predictible switch between simple cognitive tasks.Robert D. Rogers & Stephen Monsell - 1995 - Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 124 (2):207.
  30.  99
    Is It Time to Abandon Brain Death?Robert D. Truog - 2012 - Hastings Center Report 27 (1):29-37.
    Despite its familiarity and widespread acceptance, the concept of “brain death” remains incoherent in theory and confused in practice. Moreover, the only purpose served by the concept is to facilitate the procurement of transplantable organs. By abandoning the concept of brain death and adopting different criteria for organ procurement, we may be able to increase both the supply of transplantable organs and clarity in our understanding of death.
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  31.  27
    Methods of Conflict Resolution at the Bedside.Robert D. Orr - 2001 - American Journal of Bioethics 1 (4):45-46.
  32.  39
    Driven by information: A tectonic theory of Stroop effects.Robert D. Melara & Daniel Algom - 2003 - Psychological Review 110 (3):422-471.
  33. Memory, Natural Kinds, and Cognitive Extension; or, Martians Don’t Remember, and Cognitive Science Is Not about Cognition.Robert D. Rupert - 2013 - Review of Philosophy and Psychology 4 (1):25-47.
    This paper evaluates the Natural-Kinds Argument for cognitive extension, which purports to show that the kinds presupposed by our best cognitive science have instances external to human organism. Various interpretations of the argument are articulated and evaluated, using the overarching categories of memory and cognition as test cases. Particular emphasis is placed on criteria for the scientific legitimacy of generic kinds, that is, kinds characterized in very broad terms rather than in terms of their fine-grained causal roles. Given the current (...)
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  34.  57
    Brain death and the anencephalic newborn.Robert D. Truog & John C. Fletcher - 1990 - Bioethics 4 (3):199–215.
  35.  12
    William James: in the maelstrom of American modernism: a biography.Robert D. Richardson - 2006 - Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
    Biographer Richardson has written a moving portrait of James--pivotal member of the Metaphysical Club and author of The Varieties of Religious Experience. The biography, ten years in the making, draws on unpublished letters, journals, and family records. Richardson paints extraordinary scenes from what James himself called the "buzzing blooming confusion" of his life, beginning with childhood, as he struggled to achieve amid the domestic chaos and intellectual brilliance of Father, brother Henry, and sister Alice. James was a beloved teacher who (...)
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  36. The Self in the Age of Cognitive Science: Decoupling the Self from the Personal Level.Robert D. Rupert - 2018 - Philosophic Exchange 2018.
    Philosophers of mind commonly draw a distinction between the personal level – the distinctive realm of conscious experience and reasoned deliberation – and the subpersonal level, the domain of mindless mechanism and brute cause and effect. Moreover, they tend to view cognitive science through the lens of this distinction. Facts about the personal level are given a priori, by introspection, or by common sense; the job of cognitive science is merely to investigate the mechanistic basis of these facts. I argue (...)
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  37.  60
    Are organs personal property or a societal resource?Robert D. Truog - 2005 - American Journal of Bioethics 5 (4):14 – 16.
  38.  3
    The Philosophy of Thomas Aquinas: Introductory Readings ed. by Christopher Martin.Robert D. Anderson - 1992 - The Thomist 56 (1):149-151.
    In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:BOOK REVIEWS 149 temporary, might he an eyeopener to young Thomists who know so little about his work. In the meantime, however, in this English version of The Eyes of Faith a primary source of first importance has come our way. Catholic libraries should definitely have it on hand for philosophers and theologians to consult. Fordham University Bronx, New York GERALD A. McCooL, S.J. The Phuosophy of Thomas Aquinas: (...)
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  39. Emerson: The Mind on Fire.Robert D. Richardson - 1998 - Journal of Speculative Philosophy 12 (1):77-81.
     
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  40.  10
    La Mission cosmique.Robert D' Aubra - 1969 - Paris,: Promotion et édition.
  41.  40
    A clashing of symbols: Limitations of the concept of existence in value theory.Robert D. Mack - 1957 - Journal of Philosophy 54 (15):474-478.
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  42. Embodiment, Consciousness, and the Massively Representational Mind.Robert D. Rupert - 2011 - Philosophical Topics 39 (1):99-120.
    In this paper, I claim that extant empirical data do not support a radically embodied understanding of the mind but, instead, suggest (along with a variety of other results) a massively representational view. According to this massively representational view, the brain is rife with representations that possess overlapping and redundant content, and many of these represent other mental representations or derive their content from them. Moreover, many behavioral phenomena associated with attention and consciousness are best explained by the coordinated activity (...)
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  43. Trauma and Human Existence: Autobiographical, Psychoanalytic, and Philosophical Reflections.Robert D. Stolorow - 2007 - Routledge.
    Trauma and Human Existence effectively interweaves two themes central to emotional trauma--the first pertains to the contextuality of emotional life in general, and of the experience of emotional trauma in particular, and the second pertains to the recognition that the possibility of emotional trauma is built into the basic constitution of human existence. This volume traces how both themes interconnect, largely as they crystallize in the author’s personal experience of traumatic loss. As discussed in the book's final chapter, whether or (...)
  44. Computational Models of Tonal Sequence Discrimination.Robert D. Sorkin - 1986 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 24 (5):329-329.
  45.  61
    Metaphysical Journal.The Mystery of Being. II. Faith & Reality.Man Against Mass Society.Robert D. Cumming, Gabriel Marcel, Bernard Wall, Rene Hague, Donald Mackinnon & G. S. Fraser - 1953 - Journal of Philosophy 50 (23):698.
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  46. The Phenomenology of Language and the Metaphysicalizing of the Real.Robert D. Stolorow & George E. Atwood - 2017 - Language and Psychoanalysis 6 (1):04-09.
    This essay joins Wilhelm Dilthey’s conception of the metaphysical impulse as a flight from the tragedy of human finitude with Ludwig Wittgenstein’s understanding of how language bewitches intelligence. We contend that there are features of the phenomenology of language that play a constitutive and pervasive role in the formation of metaphysical illusion.
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  47. Empirical Arguments for Group Minds: A Critical Appraisal.Robert D. Rupert - 2011 - Philosophy Compass 6 (9):630-639.
    This entry addresses the question of group minds, by focusing specifically on empirical arguments for group cognition and group cognitive states. Two kinds of positive argument are presented and critically evaluated: the argument from individually unintended effects and the argument from functional similarity. A general argument against group cognition – which appeals to Occam’s razor – is also discussed. In the end, much turns on the identification of a mark of the cognitive; proposed marks are briefly surveyed in the final (...)
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  48.  64
    Head-driven phrase structure grammar: linguistic approach, formal foundations, and computational realization.Robert D. Levine & W. Detmar Meurers - 2005 - In Keith Brown (ed.), Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Elsevier.
  49. Best Test Theory of Extension.Robert D. Rupert - 1996 - Dissertation, University of Illinois at Chicago
  50.  9
    Tertullian. A Historical and Literary Study.Robert D. Sider & Timothy David Barnes - 1974 - American Journal of Philology 95 (3):302.
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